I believe genetically modified papaya was common in Hawaii even 15 years ago. I visited there in 2012 as part of an exchange and local farmers felt there was no way to be able to avoid GMO genes crossing over into traditional varieties by that point. I wish I could go back and hear today what the perspective is on this topic.
On the upside in the US patents are granted for 20 years, so if those seeds are that age, the odds of them being subject to any patent restrictions are low.
I lived in Hawaii on the Big Island for 16 years after moving there in 2005. Papaya is one of the main agricultural crops. There are huge monocrop fields of it there. I do remember that organic non GMO seed was available, but once it is planted the chances of crossing are very high. Almost everybody has a papaya tree in their yard, and most people don’t pay attention to whether or not the seed came from a GMO variety. The outdoor markets always have large tables with an over abundance of very sweet and flavorful GMO papayas. The sellers would often just give them away if you bought anything from them, or you could buy 5 or 6 for a dollar. That turns into a lot of GMO seed getting thrown around into compost piles, into gardens, or even the side of the road.
If somebody really wants non GMO papaya from Hawaii then it will be very important to know the source. Otherwise try Mexico or some other place where GMO hasn’t yet become so ubiquitous.
These are what I’ve found so far… but damn, that price. 
More reasonable price…
June 19th of this year I had papaya seeds sprouting. I bought a papaya from the local Mexican market here - the fruit said it was also from Mexico.
Somehow I doubt I’ll be able to get them to grow up enough before winter, but I’ll do my best to keep a couple of them alive.
A really bad storm ripped the leaves off most of them the other night - 70mph winds ripped through the town where my plants are. 
I think one or two of the plants are still intact, so I’ll keep them going, assuming nothing else goes terribly wrong.
The fruit itself wasn’t exactly tasty, but I figured I’d sprout them just to see how easy it was. Pretty dang easy with seeds fresh out of a fruit. If I end up doing another project down here in TX/OK/KS next year, I’ll start seeds earlier and go from there. Could also send seeds I get to others. Papaya fruits are significantly cheaper than buying papaya seeds. 
There is at least one (probably more) that make under 6 months. Might have been even less, can’t remember exactly. It wa a dwarf variety that got to knee high. Got me thinking growing it in zone 5, although in classed balcony. Would be interesting to grow even outdoors. I can’t remember what happened with it. I don’t think I was able to get the seeds or the seeds didn’t germinate. Only remember growing some from strore bought fruits later.
You might want to be careful about growing papayas from seeds from fruit purchased at a grocery store. Almost all grocery store papayas are GMO.
Earlier in the discussion we talked about how the papayas from Mexico were less likely to be GMO than ones from Hawaii, for example. Mostly hoping these aren’t. 
Oh, that’s right, I’d completely forgotten that! Cool; I hope they are GMO-free for you. 
There are cold tolerant “papayas”.
Not in the Carica genus as the tropical papayas are, but in the same family, Caricaceae.
The genus, Vasconcellea and
Jacaratia have some edible species. I found seeds, seedlings and cuttings available on Etsy. I bought some cuttings of a hybrid in the Vasconcellea genus. I plan on getting some seeds as well. I also bought the ebook Cold-Hardy Papayas Cold-Hardy Papayas - Kindle edition by Wojtowicz, Slawek. Crafts, Hobbies & Home Kindle eBooks @ Amazon.com. that has useful information on growing and usefulness of some of the species.
Do you know what hardiness zones they tolerate? and would you happen to have the link to the types you purchased?
I’d love to see a link to the ones you purchased, too. 
How cold hardy are the species you found in those genera supposed to be?
Sources:
Number 1 is where I bought the cuttings. They have cuttings from other species and some seeds to.
Some are hermaphrodite while most are either male or female flowered. The book says to treat the seeds like tropical seeds. Plant soon, etc
The order I got was a female made from oakleaf and the species Jamie. And a male cutting of Jamie. When I followed the link back that purchase was no longer available along with the info. I kept the info sent with the cuttings and will clarify this if my memory isn’t exact. The cuttings came in good condition. Marked male and female and “variety name” as well as which end was up.
1. https://www.etsy.com/shop/TheWhiskeyHillFarms
I found a Babaco plant at RainTree nursery website. Also seeds, plants and cuttings thru the Shop app (Shopify). But the delivery fee for the plants paused me. When I found the ones on Etsy, I decided to buy from one in my state.
Try searching with:
Mountain Papaya
Vasconcellea
Jacaratia
Some tropical papayas may show up in your search though. Be aware at one time those two genus were classified in Carica with the tropicals.
I’ll have to look up how cold tolerant they are. I know more than Carica, but probably not for long periods of freezing (yet).
I just finished reading thru the short book. It looks like many of the V. genus cannot take frost. At least one of the J. genus can tolerate some frost. It also said there were a couple instances of successful breeding with the C. genus. I will only have a minimal opportunity to tinker with the ones I plant. But someone could make progress with these. They can be topped and kept small.
Grafting works.
I think I’ll start with these cuttings from the C. genus and seeds from the C. genus. And likewise from the J. genus. Due to space limits I’ll graft seedlings onto the plants.
Your profile says you’re in zone 10a. Is that correct? If so, I can see why you felt safe getting any Caricaceae species that looked cool.
I couldn’t find anything saying how cold hardy the Vasconcellea genus is, but Logees has this plant and claims it’s zones 9 and 10:
https://www.logees.com/babaco-papaya-vasconcellea-heilbornii.html
Maybe it’s zone 9b? There are some tropical plants that can handle a light frost (below 32 degrees F) but not a hard freeze (below 28 degrees F). I’ve noticed many tropicals that are listed as being hardy to zone 9 meet that description (sadly for people in zone 9a 
).
I’m personally really interested in the Jarilla genus. All of those species sound interesting. Sadly, there’s very little information on them, and no one’s currently selling seeds.
I looked back at the video of the guy in Northern California that was growing these. He is in 9b.
There are tropical papayas growing closer to the ocean than I am. I will try those too. I bought some pawpaw seedlings that I’ll plant outside in spring. The recommended zones look like 4-9. So the pawpaws and tropical papayas are pushing the zone but perhaps these other papayas will be more likely to thrive for me. Thank you for mentioning the Jarilla genus, I’ll try to get them. The only U.S. shop I found also was out of stock. Perhaps when they are in season they will have them.
It would be neat if that shop gets them again! It looks like they’ve been out of stock for a long time, so it’s possible they won’t ever get them again. But we can sure hope.
I know there are people on the Tropical Fruit Forum who bought Jarilla seeds from that website when they were available. Here’s one person who successfully germinated them:
It would be neat if lots of people manage to successfully fruit those rare species and start sharing seeds.
I found them at Trade Winds Fruit.
https://www.tradewindsfruit.com/jarilla-caudata-jarilla-seeds
https://www.tradewindsfruit.com/jarilla-heterophylla-granadina-seeds
https://www.tradewindsfruit.com/jarilla-chocola-chocola-seeds
Where did you find them?
Yep, that’s the only website I’ve ever seen them for sale, and the last time they were available is on each page: 2021 for one, 2020 for another, and 2019 for a third.